破解效率与平衡的冲突——论中国的区域发展战略
陆铭、向宽虎
2014，《经济社会体制比较》，第4期，1-16页
（发表时有删节）
内容提要：大国发展始终面临着经济增长与区域平衡的双重目标。本文指出，近十多年来，面临巨大的区域发展差距，以及区域间仍然存在的劳动力流动障碍，建设用地配置和财政转移支付等越来越多地被用于鼓励欠发达地区的工业发展，其结果是整体经济效率增速放缓和资源配置效率的恶化。这不仅损害了中国经济的国际竞争力，还孕育着很大的债务风险。在经济集聚发展已经成为全球趋势的背景下，要实现人均意义上的区域平衡，有两个选择。一是在劳动力流动不充分的情况下，通过转移资源的“动钱”方式来实现地区间经济总量的平衡；二是消除各种限制劳动力流动的障碍，“动人”和“动钱”相结合，同时实现经济集聚和人均意义上的区域平衡。本文的政策含义是，通过增强劳动力的流动性来实现效率和平衡的双赢已迫在眉睫。
关键词：区域平衡 经济集聚 配置效率
Abstract: Developing countries are always confronted with the dual goals of economic growth and regional balance. This paper points out that in recent years, facing the huge disparity between regions, the construction land allocation and transfer payments were increasingly being used to encourage industrial development in less developed areas on the condition that inter -regional labor mobility barriers still exist. The consequences were overall economic efficiency growth slowing down and resource allocation efficiency deteriorating, which not only do harm to the international competitiveness of Chinese economy, but also breed great debt risk. In the background that agglomeration has become a global trend, there are two options to achieve regional balance in per capita sense. The first is moving money method, which is to transfer resources to less developed areas under the condition of insufficient labor mobility; the second is the combination of moving people and moving money, which means to eliminate all kinds of restrictions on labor mobility barriers and transfer fiscal resource to less developed areas at the same time, so as to achieve agglomeration and balance regional development in per capita sense. The policy implication of this paper is that, it is imminent for China to construct a win-win situation of efficiency and regional balance through the enhancement of labor mobility.
Keywords: Regional Balance; Agglomeration; Allocation Efficiency
