The gender gap in non-agricultural employment in developing countries is concentrated among rural married workers. Within-family specialization is central: Married women spend more time on home production, work fewer market hours, and are less likely to incur fixed costs of entering non-agriculture. We develop a general equilibrium Roy model with joint household decisions, sector-neutral gender labor wedges, and entry barriers. Calibrated to China in 2010, the model reproduces the observed gender employment gap. Gender labor wedges explain about 80% of it, amplified by within-family specialization, while changing entry barriers account for its widening from 2000 to 2010.
